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Studies for Cello (J.L. Duport)
The ''Studies for cello'' (''Études pour violoncello'') by Jean-Louis Duport (1749-1819), are a staple of cello pedagogical repertoire. Despite being over 200 years old, these études are still relevant to cellists today, although Duport's concert music is largely forgotten. Duport was a French cellist who, along with his brother Jean-Pierre Duport, revolutionized the performance of the cello. There previously had been few cello virtuosi, with a few notable exceptions such as Luigi Boccherini.〔Christian Speck and Stanley Sadie, "Boccherini, Luigi," In Grove Music Online, Oxford Music Online, Oxford University Press, 2007-2012, Accessed October 14th, 2012. http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/03337.〕
Duport refined his techniques in France under the tutelage of Martin Berteau along with his elder brother Jean-Pierre.〔Mary Cyr and Valerie Walden. "Duport." In Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. (Oxford University Press, 2007-2012). Accessed October 14th, 2012.〕 His virtuosic ability allowed him to hold many notable positions while living in France, although he was forced to flee to Prussia as a result of the French Revolution.〔 While living in Prussia, Duport resided in Berlin, where he gained the favor of the music-loving king Friedrich Wilhelm II.〔Mara Parker, "Carlo Graziani and the Quest for Ideal Employment," International Review of the Aesthetics and Sociology of Music 39, No. 1 (June 2008): 31-56.〕 He also collaborated with Ludwig van Beethoven on his Op. 5 cello sonatas, which proved to be a defining point in Beethoven's career with regards to his treatment of the cello in his scores, and also altered the cello's role to become a true solo instrument.〔Miranda Wilson, "The Cello Works that Sealed a Maestro's Reputation for Genius," Strings 26, no. 10 (2012): 25-28.〕
Despite Duport's exceptional virtuosity, few of his concert works are remembered.〔L. Kirk, "Duport Cello Concertos: No. 5 in D; No. 6 in d; No. 4 in e," Fanfare (March/April 2010): 180.〕 His Studies for Cello, however, remain foremost in cello practice. They were primarily composed by Duport himself, although the sixth was composed by Berteau, Duport's teacher. Studies eight and ten were composed by his brother, cellist Jean-Pierre Duport.〔Jean-Louis Duport, Studies for Cello, Edited by Pierre Fournier, New York: International Music Company, 1973.〕
==Background==
All of the studies have specific challenges within them that greatly benefit cellists of all skill levels. It is, however, important to note that many beginning cellists will find some if not all of these studies beyond their technical abilities. Many of the studies have a direct and narrow range of technical focus, often a specific bowing or fingering technique.
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